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Compare Mali (2001) - Christmas Island (2004)
Compare Mali (2001) z Christmas Island (2004)
| Mali (2001) | Christmas Island (2004) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
47.2% (male 2,612,215; female 2,583,370) 15-64 years: 49.73% (male 2,610,142; female 2,864,127) 65 years and over: 3.07% (male 158,486; female 180,178) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats | NA |
| Airports | 27 (2000 est.) | 1 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
20 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 9 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
1.24 million sq km land: 1.22 million sq km water: 20,000 sq km |
total: 135 sq km
land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly less than twice the size of Texas | about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government, and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. Since his reelection in 1997, President KONARE has continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In 1999 he indicated he would not run for a third term. | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. |
| Birth rate | 48.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$730 million expenditures: $770 million, including capital expenditures of $320 million (1997 est.) |
revenues: NA
expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA |
| Capital | Bamako | The Settlement |
| Climate | subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February | tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 80 km |
| Constitution | adopted 12 January 1992 | NA |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local long form: Republique de Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic |
conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island |
| Currency | Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States | Australian dollar (AUD) |
| Death rate | 18.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Debt - external | $3 billion (1999) | NA |
| Dependency status | - | territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael RANNEBERGER embassy: Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako mailing address: B. P. 34, Bamako telephone: [223] 22 54 70 FAX: [223] 22 37 12 |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Cheick Oumar DIARRAH chancery: 2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950 FAX: [1] (202) 332-6603 |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $596.4 million (1995) | NA |
| Economy - overview | Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export. In 1997, the government continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2000. Growth should remain around 5% in 2001-02, and inflation should stay less than 2%. | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in mid-2004 |
| Electricity - consumption | 413.9 million kWh (1999) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production | 445 million kWh (1999) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
44.94% hydro: 55.06% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Senegal River 23 m highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m |
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5% | Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001) |
| Exchange rates | Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.5419 (2003), 1.9354 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173(2000), 1.5497 (1999) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Alpha Oumar KONARE (since 8 June 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Mande SIDIBE (since September 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 May 1997 (next to be held NA May 2002); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Alpha Oumar KONARE reelected president; percent of vote - Alpha Oumar KONARE 95.9%, Mamadou DIABY 4.1% |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
| Exports | $480 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | NA |
| Exports - commodities | cotton 50%, gold, livestock (1999 est.) | phosphate |
| Exports - partners | Italy 18%, Thailand 15%, Germany 7%, Portugal 4% (1999) | Australia, NZ |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia | the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
46% industry: 21% services: 33% (1998) |
agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $850 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4.8% (2000 est.) | NA |
| Geographic coordinates | 17 00 N, 4 00 W | 10 30 S, 105 40 E |
| Geography - note | landlocked | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean |
| Highways | total:
15,100 km paved: 1,827 km unpaved: 13,273 km (1996) |
total: 240 km
paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
1.8% highest 10%: 40.4% (1994) |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Imports | $575 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | NA |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles | consumer goods |
| Imports - partners | Cote d'Ivoire 19%, France 19%, Senegal 4%, Benelux 3% (1999) | principally Australia |
| Independence | 22 September 1960 (from France) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA | NA |
| Industries | minor local consumer goods production and food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) |
| Infant mortality rate | 121.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: NA
male: NA female: NA (2004 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 0.8% (2000 est.) | NA |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | 780 sq km (1993 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court |
| Labor force | NA | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture and fishing 80% (1998 est.) | NA |
| Land boundaries | total:
7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
2% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 6% other: 67% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (2001) |
| Languages | French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages | English (official), Chinese, Malay |
| Legal system | based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20 July and 3 August 1997 (next to be held in two rounds in 2002); note - much of the opposition boycotted the election election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADEMA 130, PARENA 8, CDS 4, UDD 3, PDP 2 |
unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
47.02 years male: 45.84 years female: 48.24 years (2001 est.) |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2004 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 31% male: 39.4% female: 23.1% (1995 est.) |
NA |
| Location | Western Africa, southwest of Algeria | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia |
| Map references | Africa | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police (Surete Nationale) | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $49 million (FY96) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 2% (FY96) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
2,284,632 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
1,309,612 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 22 September (1960) | Australia Day, 26 January (1788) |
| Nationality | noun:
Malian(s) adjective: Malian |
noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island |
| Natural hazards | hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
| Natural resources | gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited |
phosphate, beaches |
| Net migration rate | -0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| People - note | - | The Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1508 as of the 2001 Census |
| Political parties and leaders | Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY] | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA | none |
| Population | 11,008,518 (July 2001 est.) | 396 (July 2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA |
| Population growth rate | 2.97% (2001 est.) | -9% (2004 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Koulikoro | Flying Fish Cove |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 14, shortwave 7 (1998) | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004) |
| Radios | 570,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | total:
729 km (linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes) narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge |
- |
| Religions | Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1% | Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
NA (2004 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
domestic system poor but improving; provides only minimal service domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) |
general assessment: service provided by the Australian network
domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: country code - 61-891; satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 23,000 (1997) | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 2,842 (1997) | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (plus two repeaters) (1997) | NA |
| Terrain | mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | 6.81 children born/woman (2001 est.) | NA children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | NA |
| Waterways | 1,815 km | - |
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